【非谓语动词的用法总结有哪些】在英语学习中，非谓语动词是一个非常重要的语法点。它包括不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）和分词（doing / done）。这些形式虽然不充当句子的谓语动词，但在句中可以担任多种语法功能，如主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等。以下是对非谓语动词用法的详细总结。
一、非谓语动词的基本形式
| 动词形式 | 基本结构 | 说明 |
| 不定式 | to + 动词原形 | 表示动作或状态的未完成 |
| 动名词 | doing | 具有动词和名词的双重性质 |
| 现在分词 | doing | 表示进行或主动意义 |
| 过去分词 | done | 表示被动或完成意义 |
二、非谓语动词的常见用法总结
1. 作主语
- 不定式：To learn English is important.
- 动名词：Swimming is good for health.
> 注意：通常用动名词作主语时更自然，但不定式也可以用于正式场合。
2. 作宾语
- 不定式：I want to go home.
- 动名词：She enjoys reading books.
> 某些动词后只能接动名词，如：enjoy, avoid, consider, suggest 等；而某些动词后只能接不定式，如：want, hope, decide, expect 等。
3. 作表语
- 不定式：My job is to teach students.
- 动名词：His hobby is collecting stamps.
4. 作定语
- 现在分词：The man sitting there is my teacher.
- 过去分词：The book written by him is very popular.
- 不定式：I have a lot of work to do.
> 分词作定语时，表示动作的主动或被动关系；不定式作定语时，常表示将来或将要发生的动作。
5. 作状语
- 不定式：He went to the park to relax.
- 现在分词：Seeing the result, he smiled.
- 过去分词：Given more time, I could finish it.
> 分词作状语时表示伴随、原因、条件或结果；不定式作状语时多表示目的。
6. 作补语
- 不定式：I saw her leave the room.
- 现在分词：We found the door open.
- 过去分词：They made the plan complete.
> 在感官动词（see, hear, feel）和使役动词（make, have）后面，常接省略to的不定式或分词。
三、非谓语动词的常见搭配与固定用法
| 动词/短语 | 非谓语形式 | 举例 |
| enjoy | doing | I enjoy swimming. |
| consider | doing | I consider going to Paris. |
| remember | to do / doing | I remember to call her. / I remember seeing her. |
| forget | to do / doing | I forgot to call her. / I forgot seeing her. |
| like | to do / doing | I like to read. / I like reading. |
| start | to do / doing | I started to run. / I started running. |
| stop | to do / doing | I stopped to rest. / I stopped running. |
| begin | to do / doing | I began to study. / I began studying. |
| go on | doing | She went on working. |
四、非谓语动词的时态与语态变化
| 形式 | 主动语态 | 被动语态 |
| 不定式 | to do | to be done |
| 动名词 | doing | being done |
| 现在分词 | doing | being done |
| 过去分词 | done | done |
> 例如：
- The book to be published next month is very popular.
- The problem being discussed now is very complicated.
五、总结表格
| 类型 | 形式 | 用法举例 | 备注 |
| 不定式 | to do | I want to eat. | 表示目的、意图、将来等 |
| 动名词 | doing | Swimming is fun. | 作主语、宾语、表语等 |
| 现在分词 | doing | The boy playing football is my brother. | 作定语、状语、补语等 |
| 过去分词 | done | The letter written by him is interesting. | 作定语、补语等，表示被动或完成 |
| 不定式的完成式 | to have done | I’m glad to have met you. | 表示动作已完成 |
| 动名词的完成式 | having done | I regret having missed the train. | 强调动作先于主句发生 |
通过以上总结可以看出，非谓语动词在英语中的应用非常广泛，掌握其不同形式和用法有助于提高语言表达的准确性和灵活性。建议结合例句反复练习，逐步形成语感。
